文/ Abus Takistahaen 伍懿芳, Bunun 布農族 南投望美部落
在Orlando，我深刻體會到「最美的風景是人」這句話。我會永遠記得這裡每位僑胞單純美好的愛與關懷，並期許自己有天也能如此行。
At first, the purpose of participating in Unity was to understand the current situation and problems of Native Americans, and to conduct cultural exchanges and national diplomacy. After participating in Unity, everyone began to think about doing the same in Taiwan. However, what is the purpose of this organizational meeting? And if we do it, what would be our purpose? What problem do we want to solve? If we only want to bring together the aboriginal youths to do ideological education, Taiwan already has cultural forums for colleague students hosted by the Council of Indigenous Peoples, but it ends up to be an occasion for people to only make friends and criticize government policies. Although there are subject matter discussions and group report sharing, but what is left after the event ends? Social problems such as alcoholism, drugs, violence, etc. will not disappear because of this short-term mutual heating by a group of people of the same kind. To sustain the impact, in addition to the organizational structure of the conference itself, there must be a regional standing organization and regular activities and gatherings to achieve spiritual, mental, physical, and social development. And should the regional organization be integrated with existing organizations or recreated? Integrating with existing organizations requires communicating ideology and dividing responsibilities with clarity. Recreating organizations need to think about its form, such as school, church, club, tribe or region. The convenience of gathering should be taken as the first consideration to reduce the difficulty of participation.
In addition, the social and institutional differences between Taiwan and the United States need to be considered. The United States adopts a federal system, and the power of local governments greatly increases the flexibility and freedom of the policy system. Although Taiwan adopts the equal-right democracy, the policy has always been the central government's decision, and it is relatively difficult for civil organizations to influence the decision-making of the government. Think about whether you can work with government organizations to lower the age of participation to the high school stage (developing different sources of customers?). Firstly, the young people just reach the enlightenment stage and start to think about life, and thus the impact is huge. Secondly, the support of government agencies increases the attraction and makes it easy to reach a certain scale. Thirdly, it is possible to obtain government resources to lower the operating costs.
Anyway, this is a beautiful and great dream. There needs to be like-minded people to go crazy together, and I hope that one day we can see it happen.
起初參與unity是為了了解美國原住民現況和問題，並進行文化交流與國民外交。參加完unity後，大家開始有想把這套體制搬回台灣執行的念頭。然而，這個組織會議的目的是什麼？而如果我們來做，我們的目的是什麼？我們想解決什麼問題？如果只是要將原住民的青少年聚集起來做思想教育，台灣已經有針對原民會辦的大專生文化會議或論壇，但最後僅淪為交朋友和批鬥政府政策。固然有討論議題和小組報告分享，但散場後又留下什麼？酗酒、毒品、暴力..等社會問題，並不會因為這短期的同溫層取暖而消失。如果要讓影響持續，除了會議本身的組織架構，必須有地區性的常務運作組織並有定期的活動及聚集，才能達到spiritual, mental, physical, and social development。而地區組織要整合現行組織？還是再創組織？整合現行組織須清楚溝通理念及權限劃分；再創組織則需思考該以何形式進行？學校組織、教會、社團、部落、地區？聚集的便利性應作為第一考量，以降低參與的困難度。
另外，需考量台灣與美國的社會生態及制度差異。美國採聯邦制，地方政府權力大增加了政策制度的彈性和自由。而台灣雖採民主均權，但政策一向是中央說了算，民間組織要能影響政府決策是相對困難的。不妨思考能否與政府組織合作，降低參與的年齡層到國高中(開發不同客源?)。一來青少年正逢啟蒙階段並開始思考人生，影響較鉅；二來有政府機關加持具號招力並易達到一定規模；三來可取得政府資源降低運作成本。（想要讓中二青少年上鉤，如何把活動辦得有趣有深度是重點，這塊正好是政府官員缺乏的）
教育是我這趟美國行最想了解的議題，很幸運遇到的天使中就有一位學區委員能幫我科普美國的教育制度，也有機會進教室看看美國小學教室。在奧蘭多和兩位中文校長討論後發現：台灣在小學階段的背景知識量絕對遠比美國多，如：美國將近10年級(台灣國小4年級)才會教到分數，但台灣國小2年級就開始接觸。台灣孩子低年級結束前會習得超過2000個中文字，並精熟運用於生活中；但美國的孩子不少到了中年級英文字彙的基本拼讀有問題。那台灣的孩子明明贏在起跑點，但輸在哪呢？輸在我們「教得太多、學得太勤」。
台灣教育像是一個個制式、有系統的框架，所以要學的東西都規定的好好的，追求各科都達一定水平成為全才。美國的教育則秉持著「自由、尊重」的理念設計，以開放的角度鼓勵探索，發展個人獨特性。
從傳統教育的3R(Reading、Writing、Arithmetic)到未來世界所需的4C(critical thinking and problem solving、effective communication、collaboration and building、creativity and innovation)。台灣大多數還停留在3R，不斷的記憶操作測驗，課堂中缺乏發展4C的機會。
課程設計三原則—認知、技能、情意。台灣以認知為優先、其次技能，缺乏情意態度的形塑；而美國則以情意態度跟技能並重，輔以知識運用。能以情意態度為主軸、知識為輔，運用技能結合於生活中，才是所謂的「素養」。
兩者沒有絕對的孰好孰壞，端看能不能栽培出未來所需人才。今年開始實施的108課綱嘗試要採取兩種制度的中間路線，這樣的改革勢必經歷一段陣痛期。唯願整體社會能以開放的心態接納新觀念，並持續滾動式修正政策。此外，若能在學制上更彈性，學習美國學制的「條條大路通羅馬」，著重發展成人教育，讓終身學習成為國民運動，方能跟上世界的快速發展趨勢。
我很慶幸台灣的低廉教育成本，讓人人都能擁有公平接受教育的機會；還有辛苦制定課綱的教育人員們，這保障了所有學生的基本學力跟受教權益。我不覺得台灣的教育比美國差，只要我們願意拿掉那些多餘的框框，讓學習的權責回到學生身上，相信這樣的改變能成就更多可能。
無論如何，這是一個美好而偉大的夢。需要有志同道合的人一起瘋，期望有天能看見它實現。
p.s 大概畫了unity的活動架構心智圖，因並未全程參與，許多部分不完整。僅供參考。
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